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Backflow Inspections & Testing
In 1986, federal regulations began requiring states to provide quality water when it is needed for public consumption. A fire sprinkler system supplied by a potable water source such as the public water supply may be required to provide backflow prevention. Backflow devices are intended to protect the public supply from potential contamination, where a reversal of normal flow of water can occur because of backsiphonage or backpressure.
Backsiphonage occurs when the pressure in the distribution system or supply is reduced, causing a vacuum (or partial vacuum) in the distribution system (or supply) piping. This creates a negative pressure, and a reversal of normal flow occurs as the result. Backsiphonage may be caused by a number of conditions, such as main breaks or even emergency firefighting water use.
Backpressure is a condition when increased pressure from a nonpotable source overcomes the pressure from its supply, and an unintended reversal of normal flow occurs. Backpressure can be caused by a variety of conditions, such as facilities using pumps or pressurized auxiliary water systems for irrigation, fire protection, car washes and cooling systems.
Cross Connections
When a nonpotable water source is connected by piping to a potable water source, it is called a cross connection. Cross-connections and backflow represent a significant public health risk by potentially allowing chemical and biological contaminants into the potable water supply. Fire sprinkler systems, soda fountain machines, and landscape irrigation systems are some examples of common cross connections.
Backflow devices are required to be inspected and tested annually. Routine maintenance can help avoid high expenses down the road or worse, major catastrophes and damage.